Research Experience:

1970 - 1971
Hampden-Sydney College
Department of Biology -- E. A. Crawford
Subject: Embryonic Development
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1971 - 1972
University of Virginia
Department of Anatomy -- Dr. Richard Keefe
Subject: Retinal Development and Transplantation
Charlottesville, Virginia

1976 - 1978
Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans
Administration
Department of Surgery -- Dr. Andrew Wechsler
Subject: Coronary Artery Physiology and
Ventricular Function
Durham, North Carolina

1981
Asheville Veterans Administration Hospital
Department of Surgery -- Dr. Stewart Scott
Subject: Measurement of Graft Compliance Using
Sonomicrometry
Asheville, North Carolina

1984 - 1988
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Subject: Development of a Cardiac
Physiology Laboratory: Ventricular Function,
Blood Flow, and Metabolism
Greenville, North Carolina

1988 - 1989
University of Kentucky
Subjects: Ventricular Function,
Coronary Blood Flow, and
Organ Preservation
Lexington, Kentucky

1989 -present
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Subjects: Ventricular Function and Metabolism,
Coronary Blood Flow, Myocardial Preservation,
Endothelial Function, and Myocardial
Molecular Biology
Greenville, North Carolina

1998 - present
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Subjects: Robotics and Minimally
Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Greenville, North Carolina

Editorial Boards:

Past:

American Association of Thoracic Surgeons’ Internet Journal Review
Editorial Board
Cardiac Chronicle
Chest
CT Digest
SESATS VI
SESATS VII
The Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques

Current:

American Heart Journal
Annals of Thoracic Surgery
Asian Annals of Thoracic Surgery
CTS Net
Current Surgery
Journal of Long-term Effects of Medical Implants Saudi Arabian Heart Journal
The Heart Surgery Forum
The Journal of Cardiac Surgery
The Journal of Heart Valve Disease (Associate Editor)
The Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques
The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery


Guest Reviewer:

1989 - present Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1990 - present Circulation-Journal of the American Heart Association
1995 - present Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery
1998 - present European Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
2002 – present New England Journal of Medicine
2002 – present Journal of the American Medical Association


Honorary Societies:
Alpha Omega Alpha
Omicron Delta Kappa
Phi Kappa Phi
Pi Delta Epsilon
Sigma Xi

Social Fraternity:
Pi Kappa Alpha

Professional Societies:
American Association for History of Medicine
American Association for Thoracic Surgery
American Surgical Association (Fellow)
American College of Cardiology (Fellow)
American College of Chest Physicians (Fellow)
American College of Surgeons (Fellow)
American Heart Association
American Medical Association
American Osler Society
American Physiological Society
American Thoracic Society
Argentine Society of Cardiology (Honorary)
Association for Academic Surgery
Association for Patient-Oriented Research
Association of Program Directors in Surgery
Cardiothoracic Surgery Biology Club
David C. Sabiston, Jr., M.D. Surgical Society
European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery
International Society for Heart Transplantation
International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Past - president)
International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology
North Carolina Medical Society
North Carolina Surgical Association
North Carolina Thoracic Society
Pitt County Medical Society
Royal College of Surgeons of England (Fellow by Election)
Royal Society of Medicine (Fellow)
Societe Internationale de Chirurgie
Society for Heart Valve Disease (President)
Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Society of Surgical Chairmen
Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Society of University Surgeons
Southern Surgical Association (Fellow)
Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Surgical Biology Club III
Walter J. Pories, M.D. Surgical Society
Will C. Sealy, M.D. Surgical Society

Research Awards and Grants:
1976 - 1978
National Institutes of Health’s Cardiovascular Training Grant

1977 - 1978
Research Grant from the American Heart Association,
North Carolina Chapter
Subject: New Method for Measuring Regional Blood Flow

1978
The University of Virginia’s John Horsley Research Prize
Subject: Effect of Hypothermic Perfusion on Collateral
Coronary Circulation

1984 - 1985
Research Grant from the American Heart Association, North
Carolina Chapter
Subject: Retrograde Coronary Sinus Cardioplegia in a
Collateral Model

1985 - 1986
Medtronic Corporation Grant
Subject: Evaluation of a Bio-absorbable Graft Material in
Growing Aortas

1987 - 1988
Research Grant from the American Heart Association, North
Carolina Chapter
Subject: Protection of Hypertrophied Hearts by Retrograde
Cardioplegia

1988 - 1989
Veteran’s Administration Research Grant
Subject: Protection of Hypertrophied Myocardium Using
Retrograde Cardioplegia


1999 - present
U.S. Surgical Center of Excellence Grant
Subject: Minimally Invasive Surgery

Regional,National, and International Presentations:

1977
Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

American College of Surgeons
Dallas, Texas

1978
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
Orlando, Florida

Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

American Physiological Society
St. Louis, Missouri

American College of Surgeons
San Francisco, California

1979
American College of Cardiology
Miami, Florida

Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

Fifth Workshop on Contractile Behavior of the Heart
Antwerp, Belgium

Max Planck Institute for Physiology
Bad Nauheim, West Germany

American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

1980
Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

Association of Academic Surgery
Birmingham, Alabama

1981
American College of Cardiology
San Francisco, California

Society of Surgery for the Alimentary Tract
New York, New York

1984
American College of Surgeons
San Francisco, California

1986
International Symposium on Thromboembolism
Gleneagles, Scotland

1987 Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Phoenix, Arizona

American Heart Association
Anaheim, California

1988
Third International Symposium on Myocardial Protection via
the Coronary Sinus
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Association for Academic Surgery
Salt Lake City, Utah

American Heart Association
Washington, District of Columbia

1990
American College of Cardiology
New Orleans, Louisiana

North Carolina Surgical Association
Pinehurst, North Carolina

Western Thoracic Surgical Association
San Diego, California

Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Dallas, Texas

1991
American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Anaheim, California

 1992
AmSect Region VII Perfusion Meeting
Denver, Colorado

American College of Cardiology
Dallas, Texas

North Carolina Surgical Association
Sea Island, Georgia

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Wesley Chapel, Florida

American College of Chest Physicians
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
New Orleans, Louisiana

1993
Second Annual Cardiovascular Conference
Beaver Creek, Colorado

St. Jude Medical Cardiac Surgery Fellowship Symposium
Minneapolis, Minnesota

American College of Cardiology, North Carolina Chapter
Asheville, North Carolina

Association for Academic Surgery
Houston, Texas

Thirty-fifth World Congress International Society of Surgery
Retrograde Cardioplegia for Complex Valve Operations
Hong Kong, China

1994
Will C. Sealy Cardiovascular Symposium
Macon, Georgia

American College of Cardiology
Atlanta, Georgia

International Symposium on Myocardial Protection from
Surgical Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Asheville, North Carolina

Second International Symposium on Myocardial
Preservation: Looking Toward the 21st Century
Chicago, Illinois

 American College of Chest Surgeons
New Orleans, Louisiana

1995
David C. Sabiston, Jr. Surgical Society
Durham, North Carolina

1996
North Carolina Surgical Association
Hot Springs, Virginia

North Carolina Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Task
Force
Greenville, North Carolina

Eastern Regional Cardiac Conference
Greenville, North Carolina

Internal Medicine Update Meeting
Atlantic Beach, North Carolina

American College of Chest Physicians
San Francisco, California

American Heart Association
New Orleans, Louisiana

1997
Beaufort County Medical Society
Washington, North Carolina

Sixteenth Live Teleconference on Pathophysiology and
Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
San Diego, California

American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Washington, District of Columbia

Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Minneapolis, Minnesota

South Atlantic Cardiovascular Society
Williamsburg, Virginia

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium VII
Missoula, Montana

International Symposium on Myocardial Protection for
Surgical Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Asheville, North Carolina

American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Orlando, Florida

American College of Chest Physicians
Cancun, Mexico

1998
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Rancho Mirage, California

Fourth Symposium of Current Trends in Thoracic Surgery
New Orleans, Louisiana

Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Grand Cayman, Bahamas

Medical Device Forum on Minimally Invasive Coronary
Surgery
Stanford, California

Cardiac Surgery Symposium for Thoracic Surgery Residents
Minneapolis, Minnesota

First Annual Update for Cardiologists
Atlanta, Georgia

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Conference
Atlanta, Georgia

North Carolina Surgical Association
Southern Pines, North Carolina

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Conference on
Current Techniques in Video-Assisted Cardiac Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts

Seaboard Medical Association
Nags Head, North Carolina

Cardiac Care and Results Conference
Henry's Fork, Idaho

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium VIII
Missoula, Montana

66th Annual Symposium of the American Heart Association
-Western States Affiliate
Los Angeles, California

Tenth Annual Symposium of Transcatheter Cardiovascular
Therapeutics
Washington, District of Columbia

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Orlando, Florida

The Magic of Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Comprehensive
Training Program
Cincinnati, Ohio

1999
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Scottsdale, Arizona

Southeastern Surgical Nurses Association
Tampa, Florida

Cardiothoracic Techniques and Technology Meeting
San Antonio, Texas

Twelfth Annual Peak Performance Heart Valve Surgery
Symposium
Alberta, Canada

American Association for Thoracic Surgery Adult Cardiac
Surgery Symposium
New Orleans, LA

World Symposium on Heart Valve Disease
London, England

Cardiac Care and Results Conference
Henry's Fork, Idaho

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium IX
Missoula, Montana

Live Teleconference on Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac
Surgery: The Standard of Tomorrow
Leipzig, Germany

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
San Juan, Puerto Rico

 2000
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
San Diego, California

Hoag Heart Institute Symposium
Newport Beach, California

Technically Challenging Procedures in Adult Cardiac Surgery:
The Ultimate “How To Do It” Course
Mashantucket, Connecticut

European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery - Satellite Symposium
Frankfurt, Germany

Pioneering Technology in Cardiothoracic Surgery Techniques
Symposium
Leipzig, Germany

Mitral Valve Repair IX
Washington, District of Columbia

Twelfth Annual Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics
Symposium
Washington, District of Columbia

Operating Room Technology for the New Millennium Workshop
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The International Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgeons 10th
World Congress
Vancouver, Canada

Seventh World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery
Singapore, Singapore

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery:
Outcomes, Innovations, and Future Directions
Key West, Florida

St. Jude Medical Institute - Second Annual Mitral
Reconstructive Surgery Symposium
Milan, Italy

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium X
Missoula, Montana

 Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Robotics in Cardiac Surgery:
The 1st North American Perspective
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

2001
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Laguna Beach, California

Saudi Arabian Heart Association
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Thirty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society of Thoracic
Surgeons
New Orleans, Louisiana

Society for Heart Valve Disease Meeting
London, England

International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Munich, Germany

Southern Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery
Osaka, Japan

University of South Carolina - School of Medicine
11th Annual Cardiology Symposium
Columbia, South Carolina

Fifteenth Annual USUHS/WRAMC Cardiothoracic Surgery
Symposium
Bethesda, Maryland

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery Symposium
Los Angeles, California

Eighty-seventh Clinical Congress of the American College of
Surgeons
New Orleans, Louisiana

Edwards Lifesciences Residents 2001 Program (Chair)
Newport Beach, California

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
San Antonio, Texas

 American Heart Association, San Antonio Division
Cardiovascular Society
San Antonio, Texas

2002
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

Thirty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Thoracic
Surgeons
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

The Fifteenth Annual Cardiology Update
Miami, Florida

The Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
New York, New York

The Columbia Course on Minimally Invasive and Robotic
Cardiac Surgery
New York, New York

Fifty-first Annual American College of Cardiology Scientific
Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia

Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Meeting
New York, New York

Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the German Society of Thoracic
and Cardiovascular Surgery
Leipzig, Germany

Eighty-second Annual Meeting of the American Association for
Thoracic Surgery
Washington, District of Columbia

Taiwan Society of Cardiology
Taipei, Taiwan

Eighty-eighth Clinical Congress of the American College of
Surgeons
San Francisco, California

Bay Area Society of Thoracic Surgeons
San Francisco, California

Huntington Rotary Club
Huntington, West Virginia

 Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Miami Beach, Florida

Raleigh Area Chapter of the American Association of Critical
Care Nurses
Raleigh, North Carolina

First Interactive Symposium on Latest Advances in Cardiac
Surgery
Salerno, Italy

Maimonides Medical Center - Conference on New Approaches to
Heart Disease: Interventional Surgery
Brooklyn, New York

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery Symposium
Leipzig, Germany

State of the Heart - A Comprehensive Cardiovascular Symposium
West Chester, Pennsylvania

Fourth Triennial Brigham Cardiac Valve Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

Continuing Medical Education Breakfast Symposium
Chicago, Illinois

2003
NewEra Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

Second Annual Tech-Con Conference
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
San Diego, California

39th Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting
San Diego, California

Continuing Medical Education Breakfast Symposium
San Diego, California

52nd Annual American College of Cardiology Meeting
Chicago, Illinois

83rd Annual American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts

Innovations in Cardiac Surgery 2003 Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

Continuing Medical Education Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

30th Annual Day of Surgery
Medical Center of Central Georgia
Macon, Georgia

Medical Math Conference – East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

Sixth Annual International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
San Francisco, California

Update on Cardiovascular Diseases
Naples, Italy

Second Biennial Meeting - Society for Heart Valve Disease
Paris, France

Phi Kappa Phi Southeast Region Mid-Triennial Conference
Charleston, South Carolina

77th Annual Meeting of the Halsted Society
Boston, Massachusetts

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Santa Monica, California

Coalescent Surgical Education Forum
Las Vegas, Nevada

International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
13th World Congress
San Diego, California

American Heart Association Scientific Session
Orlando, Florida

2004
NewEra Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

Second Annual Tech-Con Conference
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
San Antonio, Texas

40th Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting
San Antonio, Texas

Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Big Sur, California

Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Techniques for Catheter &
Surgical Ablation Conference
New Orleans, Louisiana

53rd Annual Scientific Session American College of Cardiology
New Orleans, Louisiana

Visiting Professorships and Guest Lectures:

1984
Earle Glendy Memorial Lecture
"Long Term Survival Following Coronary Artery Surgery"
Roanoke Memorial Hospital, University of Virginia Affiliate
Roanoke, Virginia

Pediatrics Day
"Surgical Correction of Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1985
Pearls Lecture
“Masterword in Medicine"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1986
Pearls Lecture
"Cardiac Injuries"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1987
 Pearls Lecture
“The True Physician"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1988
Alpha Omega Alpha Symposium
"Arrhythmia Surgery and New Valve Techniques”
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

 Annual Postgraduate Course
"Cardiac Transplantation"
Roanoke Memorial Hospital
Roanoke, Virginia

1989
Surgical Grand Rounds
"Valve Repair Techniques"
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio

1991
Horace A. Smithy Lecture
"The Evolution of Scientific Surgery:
The Shadow of John Hunter”
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

1992
Surgical Grand Rounds
"Myocardial Preservation: Clinical Decision Making"
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

1993
 “Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease”
Matsuyama Cardiovascular Medical Center
Matsuyama, Japan

1994
 “Mitral Valve Repair"
Philadelphia Heart Institute
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Mitral Valve Repair: A Modern Challenge"
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1995
Alpha Epsilon Delta Premedical Honor Society
"The Good Physician"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

Hampden-Sydney Medical Society
"How to Become a Physician"
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1996
Grand Rounds
“Mitral Valve Repair: The Physiologic Option"
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

 1997
 Symposium to Honor Will C. Sealy
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery”
Medical Center of Central Georgia
Macon, Georgia

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery"
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
“Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Work in Progress"
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery"
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

The Baxter G. Noble Memorial Lecture
"The Rise of Scientific Surgery”
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1998
Cardiology Grand Rounds
"Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: A
Vision of the Future”
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery: The Shadow of John
Hunter"
University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Lamar Soutter Lecture on Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
“Videoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery"
University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Work in Progress"
Penn State Geisinger Health System/Milton S. Hershey
Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

 Richard Cleveland Lecture
“Minimally Invasive Surgical Technologies"
New England Medical Center/Tufts University School of
Medicine/Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
"The New Era of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery"
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

1999
Cardiac Surgery Grand Rounds
"Trekking Toward an Endoscopic Mitral Valve Operation"
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Mitral Valve Surgery: Trek
to an Endoscopic Operation"
Columbia University
New York, New York

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Cardiac Robotics: Is it a Reality?"
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

2000
Clarence E. Gardner Lecture
“The Evolution of Scientific Surgery - John Hunter’s Shadow”
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Grand Rounds
“Surgical Robotics”
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

Cardiothoracic Surgical Grand Rounds
“Videoscopic and Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery at the Dawn of
the New Millennium”
University of Toronto Medical Center
Toronto, Canada

 2001
National Heart Hospital Surgical Lecture
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery”
Brompton Hospital
Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine
London, England

V.I. Bourakovsky Lecture and Bourakovsky Medal #5
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The 21st Century”
A. N. Bakulev Cardiovascular Surgery Scientific
Centre of the Russian Academy of Medical Science
Moscow, Russia

Claude S. Beck Memorial Lecture
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: In the Shadow of Beck and
Cutler”
University Hospitals of Cleveland
Cleveland, Ohio

John Streider Memorial Lecture
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The Future or Not?”
Boston University Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery”
King Faisal Specialist Hospital
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Grand Rounds
“Robotic Cardiac Surgeon: The Future or Not?”
San Antonio Cardiovascular Society
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio, Texas

C. Walton Lillehei Memorial Lecture
“Robotic Surgery”
Advanced Cardiac Physiology and Anatomy Symposium
Lillehei Heart Institute
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Less Invasive Approaches to the Mitral Valve”
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis, Minnesota

 Surgical Grand Rounds
“Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery:
The Past, Present, and Future”
University of Louisville Health Science Center
Louisville, Kentucky

Visiting Professor Lecture Series
“Robotics in Cardiac Surgery: Toady and the Future”
Dayton Heart Hospital
Dayton, Ohio

2002
Joel Roslyn, M. D. Lecture
“Robotic Surgery: State of the Art”
MCP Hahnemann University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

D. Hayes Agnew Lecture
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Perhaps the Future”
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Cardiothoracic Surgery Grand Rounds
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery”
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal
and Cardiac Surgery: Physicians and Nurses Conference
“Robot Assisted Mitral Valve Surgery”
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack, New Jersey

Cardiothoracic Surgery Grand Rounds
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery”
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
New Hyde Park, New York

Baffes Memorial Lecture
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery—Now and the Future”
Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois

Symposium for Cardiothoracic Surgery Residents
Off-pump Coronary Surgery Training Program
“Robotics in Cardiac Surgery”
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

 Surgical Grand Rounds
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery”
University of Florida at Gainesville
Gainesville, Florida

Surgery Resident Research Day
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Fact or Fantasy”
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston Salem, North Carolina

2003
Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
“Robotics and Mitral Valve Repair”
University of Texas – Houston Medical School
Houston, Texas

Surgical Grand Rounds
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Part of the Future”
Upstate Medial University College of Medicine
Syracuse, New York

T. Cook Smith Lecturer
“The Evolution of Scientific Surgery: John Hunter Casts His Shadow”
The Innominate Society of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Cardiothoracic Resident’s Research Day
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: Gone With the Wind or Here to Stay?
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Phi Kappa Phi Southeast Region Mid-Triennial Conference
“Robotic Cardiac Surgery from Technology to Patient Care”
Charleston, South Carolina

Coalescent Surgical Educational Forum
New Techniques in Minimally Invasive Valve Repair &
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
“Robotic Mitral Valve Repair: Clinical Results”
“East Carolina University: State of the Art Medicine” Las Vegas, Nevada

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery
“Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair: Can Anybody Do It?”
Cedars-Sinai Heart Center
Los Angeles, California

 The Ibn Nafish Honored Lecture
“Evolution of Cardiac Surgery – the Robotic Era”
Damascus, Syria

International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
13th World Congress
“Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: State of the Art”
San Diego, California

North Carolina Health Information Management Association’s
Coastal Carolina Region
“New Technology in Cardiac Surgery: The Robotic Age”
Greenville, North Carolina

Cardiac Innovations Day Symposium
Canadian Heart Research Centre
“Surgical Innovations: Non-invasive Valve Surgery”
Toronto, Ontario

16th Annual Meeting
The Northeast Cardiothoracic Surgical Society
“Robotic & Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery:
Truth or Consequences”
East Madison, New Hampshire

American College of Cardiology
No Boundaries: State-of-the Art Medica/Surgical Approaches
to Advanced Heart Failure
“Robotics: Implications for Heart Failure”
Uncasville, Connecticut

American Heart Association
Cardiovascular Seminars Session
“Homografts”
Orlando, Florida

Cardiovascular Surgery Conference
Texas Heart Institute
“The Practicality of Setting up A Robotic Program”
Houston, Texas

Cardiology Noon Conference
Texas Heart Institute
“Robotic Mitral Valve and Atrial Fibrillation Surgery”
Houston, Texas

International Academic Visits:

1976
Hospital for Sick Children
Host: Professor Waterston
London, England

Hammersmith Hospital
Host: Professor Richard Welborne
London, England

The Middlesex Hospital
Host: Professor Hobsley
London, England

The Cambridge University Cardiac Transplant Laboratory
Hosts: Professors Calne and English
Cambridge, England

Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford University
Host: Professor Peter Morris
Oxford, England

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Host: Ms. Elizabeth Allen, Curator of the Hunterian
Museum
London, England

Royal Infirmary at the University of Edinburgh
Hosts: Professors Patrick Forrest and Michael Woodruff
Edinburgh, Scotland

Western Infirmary at the University of Glasgow
Hosts: Professors Andrew Kay and Colin McKay
Glasgow, Scotland

1979
Fifth Workshop on Contractile Behavior of the Heart:
Diastole II
Host: Professor Brutsnaert
Antwerp, Belgium

Max Planck Institute for Physiology
Hosts: Professors Wolfgang and Jutta Schaper
Bad Nauheim, West Germany
Rayne Research Institute at St. Thomas' Hospital
Hosts: Professors Braimbridge and Hearse
London, England

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Host: Ms. Elizabeth Allen, Curator of the Hunterian Museum
London, England

Royal College of Physicians of England
Host: Sir Gordon Wolstenholme
London, England

1987
Mitral Valve Repair Workshop at Broussais Hospital
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

1990
International Symposium on Myocardial Preservation into the
Twenty-first Century
Oxford, England

Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, Scotland

1991
International Live Teleconference on Homograft and
Autograft Implantation
Hosts: Sir Magdi Yacoub and Mr. Donald Ross
London, England

1992
Advanced Techniques in Mitral Valve Reconstruction at
Broussais Hospital
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

1993
Tokyo Women's Medical College
Host: Professor Juro Wada
Tokyo, Japan

Matsuyama Medical Center
Host: Dr. Yasushi Kasagi.
Tokyo, Japan

1997
Meeting on Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Cardiac
Surgery: Mitral Valve Replacement at Medizinische
Hochschule/University of Hannover
Hosts: Professor Axel Haverich
Hannover, Germany

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at the
University of Vienna School of Medicine
Hosts: Professor Ernest Wolner and Dr.Werner Mohl
Vienna, Austria

1998
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at
Ospedale San Rafaele
Host: Professor Ottiavio Alfieri
Milan, Italy

Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery Teleconference at Hospital
San Leonardo
Hosts: Professors G. Di Benedetto, Alain Carpentier, and Fred
Mohr
Salerno, Italy

Latest Techniques in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
and Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Mitral Valve Surgery
Video Conference
Host: Dr. Hugo Vanermen
Brussels, Belgium

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at Osaka
University
Host: Professor Hikaru Matsuda
Osaka, Japan

Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Meeting at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at
Sakakibara Heart Institute
Host: Professor Hitoshi Kasegawa
Tokyo, Japan

Second International Symposium on Controversies in
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Host: Dr. Anthony Yim
Hong Kong, China

International Symposium on the Present State of Minimally
Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Meet the Experts at the University
of Dresden
Host: Professor Stephan Schueler
Dresden, Germany

1999
Le Club Mitrale 1000 (Moderator)
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

World Symposium on Heart Valve Disease
Host: Dr. Endre Bodnar
London, England

 XVII InterAmerican Congress of Cardiology
Host: Dr. Jorge Lerman
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Meeting on Technology in Minimally Invasive Cardiac
Surgery: Overview of an Updated Repertoire
Host: Drs. Hugo Vanermen and Michael Mack
Glasgow, Scotland

2000
The European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery
Forty-ninth International Congress
Host: Professor Stephan Schueler
Dresden, Germany

Congress International “Chirurgie 2000”
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiothoracic Surgery Techniques
Symposium
Host: Professor Fredrich Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

St. Jude Medical Institute - Second Annual Mitral Reconstructive
Surgery Symposium
Host: Professor Ottiavio Alfieri
Milan, Italy

Cardiac & General Thoracic Surgery Update
Host: Dr. Anthony J. Del Rossi
Cancun, Mexico

2001
King Faisal Specialist Hospital
Host: Dr. Zohair Al-Halles
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bakulev Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases
Host: Professor Leo Bokeria
Moscow, Russia

Southern Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery
Kinki University Medical School
Host: Dr. Hidetaka Oku
Osaka, Japan

2002
Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the German Society of Thoracic
and Cardiovascular Surgery
Host: Professor Fred Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

Taiwan Society of Cardiology
Host: Dr. Chiang
Taipei, Taiwan

First Interactive Symposium on Latest Advances in Cardiac
Surgery
Hosts: Drs. Antonia Panza and Paolo Masiello
Salerno, Italy

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery Symposium
Host: Professor Fredrich Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

2003
The Fifth Mitral Valve Reconstruction Meeting
Host: Professor Francis Wells
Cambridge, England

Update on Cardiovascular Diseases:
The Latest News for the Clinician
Host: Professor G. D. Angelini
Naples, Italy

Royal College of Surgeons of England (Induction)
Hosts: Sir Peter Morris; Sir Magdi Yacoub
London, England

51st Annual Meeting of Japanese College of Cardiology
Host: Satoshi Ogawa, MD
Tokyo, Japan

6th Biennial Congress of the Syrian Cardiovascular Association
Host: Sami Kabbani, MD
Damascus, Syria

2004
50th Golden Jubilee Annual Conference of Indian Association of
Cardiovascular – Thoracic Surgeons
Host: Naresh Trehan, MD
New Delhi, India

Honors and Noteworthy Activities:

1994
 M.D. News
“The Heart Center"

1994 - 1995
 The Best Doctors in America
 Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery

1995
 Town and Country Magazine
 The Best Medical Specialists in North America - Diseases of
 the Heart

 Craven County Board of Trustees and Community
 Honored for the Development of the Open Heart Program at
 Craven Regional Medical Center

1997
 Hampden-Sydney College
 Fellow of Hampden-Sydney College in the Natural Sciences

 Southern Living Magazine
"Operating with a Big Heart"

2000
 News and Observer (Raleigh, NC)
“Robot streamlines heart surgery”

Doctoral Thesis:

1973
"An Autoradiographic Study of Retinal Degeneration
 and Regeneration in Supernumerary and Heteroplastic     
 Optic Transplants
 University of Virginia
 Charlottesville, Virginia

Avocations:

History of Surgery and Physiology
Photography, Amateur Radio Operator (40 years)
Trout Fishing

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

ORIGINAL REPORTS:

Original Research:

1. Vasquez E, Chitwood WR Jr. Postcardiotomy delirium: an overview. Int J Psychiatry
Med. 1975;6:373-383.

2. Chitwood WR Jr, Barnes RL, Postlethwait RW. The retrosternal foramen of Morgagni:
massive small bowel herniation. N C Med J. 1976;37:658-662.

3. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS. Pressure-flow characteristics of the
coronary collateral circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass: effects of hypothermic
perfusion. Surg Forum. 1977;28:268-270.

4. Chitwood WR Jr, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS. Compressive forces of fibrillation in normal
hearts during maximal coronary dilation by adenosine. Surg Forum. 1977;28:257-259.

5. Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Chitwood WR Jr, Wechsler AS. Segmental mid-wall myocardial
dimensions in man recorded by sonomicrometry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978;76:235-
243.

6. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Sink JD, Wechsler AS. Effects of intermittent potassium
cardioplegia (4C) on reperfusion of myocardial regions supplied by collateral coronary
arteries. Surg Forum. 1978;29:269-271.

7. Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Chitwood WR Jr. Real-time assessment of regional mid-wall
myocardial motion in man. Surg Forum. 1978;29:256-258.

8. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Wechsler AS. Maintenance of permanently implanted cardiac
pressure catheters in experimental animals. Ann Thorac Surg. 1978;26:485-487.

9. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS. The effects of intermittent
ischemic arrest on the perfusion of myocardium supplied by collateral coronary arteries. Ann
Thorac Surg. 1978;26:535-547.

10. Kleinman LH, Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr, Hamman JW Jr, Jones KW, Wechsler AS.
Regional myocardial dimensions following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients.
Relationship of functional deterioration to graft occlusion. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1979;77:13-23.

11. Chitwood WR Jr, Sink JD, Hill RC, Wechsler AS, Sabiston DC Jr. The effects of
hypothermia on myocardial oxygen consumption and transmural coronary blood flow in the
potassium-arrested heart. Ann Surg. 1979;190:106-116.

12. Sink JD, Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr, Abriss R, Wechsler AS. Effects of phenylephrine on
transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow in regions supplied by normal and
collateral arteries during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1979;78:236-243.

13. Olsen CO, Jones RN, Attarian DE, Hill RC, Sink JD, Chitwood WR Jr, Wechsler AS.
Relationship of LV compliance to coronary artery perfusion pressure in potassium-arrested
canine heart during cardiopulmonary bypass. Surg Forum. 1979;30:246-247.

14. Sink JD, Pellom GL, Currie WD, Chitwood WR Jr, Wechsler AS. Protection of
mitochondrial function during ischemia by potassium cardioplegia: correlation with
ischemic contracture. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1979;60(pt 2):158-163.

15. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Sink JD, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS. Assessment of
ventricular diastolic properties and systolic function in man with sonomicrometry. Surg
Forum. 1979;30:266-268.

16. Sink JD, Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Wechsler AS. Comparison of nonpulsatile and
pulsatile extracorporeal circulation on renal cortical blood flow. Ann Thorac Surg.
1980;29:57-62.

17. Sink JD, Currie WD, Pellom GL, Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr, Wechsler AS. Correlation of
mitochondrial function and ischemic contracture. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;79:570-
578.

18. Hill RC, Pellom GL, Chitwood WR Jr, Sink JD, Wechsler AS. The relationship of
transmural myocardial flow to mid-wall function. J Surg Res. 1980;28:306-313.

19. Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr, Sink JD, Cox JL, Wechsler AS. Perioperative assessment of
segmental left ventricular function in man. Effects of nitroprusside after bypass operations.
Arch Surg. 1980;115:609-614.

20. Sink JD, Attarian DE, Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Pellom GL, Wechsler AS. An improved
technique for producing ventricular hypertrophy with a subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis
model. Ann Thorac Surg. 1980;30:285-290.

21. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Sink JD, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS. Measurement of global
ventricular function in patients during cardiac operations using sonomicrometry. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;80:724-735.

22. Chitwood WR Jr, Rankin JS, Bollinger RR, Moylan JA. Brachial artery reconstruction
using the heparin bonded Sundt shunt. Surgery. 1981;89:355-358.

23. Austin EH, Mitchell GE, Oliphant M, Killenberg P, Oddson T, Thompson WM, Chitwood
WR Jr, Jones RS. Solitary hepatic cyst and benign bile duct polyp: a heretofore unheralded
association. Surgery. 1981;89:359-363.

24. Hill RC, Chitwood WR Jr, Bashore TM, Sink JD, Cox JL, Wechsler AS. Coronary flow
and regional function before and after supraarterial myotomy for myocardial bridging. Ann
Thorac Surg. 1981;31:176-181.

25. Attarian DE, Jones RN, Currie WD, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Chitwood WR Jr,
Wechsler AS. Characteristics of chronic left ventricular hypertrophy induced by
subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis. I. Myocardial blood flow and metabolism. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;81:382-388.

26. Attarian DE, Jones RN, Currie WD, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Chitwood WR Jr,
Wechsler AS. Characteristics of chronic left ventricular hypertrophy induced by
subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis. II. Response to ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1981;81:389-395.

27. Chitwood WR Jr, Sink JD, Hill RC, Wecshler AS. The comparative effects of pulsatile
and nonpulsatile myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Surg Res.
1981;30:553-562.

28. Chitwood WR Jr, Meyers WC, Heaston DK, Herskovic AM, McLeod ME, Jones RS.
Diagnosis and treatment of primary extrahepatic bile duct tumors. Am J Surg. 1982;143:99-
106.

29. Filston HC, Chitwood WR Jr, Schkolne B, Blackman LR. The Fogarty balloon catheter as
an aid to management of the infant with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula
complicated by severe RDS or pneumonia. J Pediatr Surg. 1982;17:149-51.

30. Filston HC, Edwards CH III, Chitwood WR Jr, Larson RM, Marsicano TH, Hill RC.
Estimation of postoperative fluid requirements in infants and children. Ann Surg.
1982;196:76-81.

31. Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Tiller WH Jr, Chitwood WR Jr, Rembert JC, Greenfield JC Jr,
Wechsler As. Myocardial blood flow and function during gradual coronary occlusion in
awake dog. Am J Physiol. 1983;224:H60-H67.

32. Jones RS, Chitwood WR Jr, Heaston DK, Herskovic AM. The combined use of
percutaneous transhepatic drainage and irrigation for carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile
ducts. Contemp Surg. 1983;22:59-63.

33. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Sink JD, Wechsler AS. Diastolic ventricular properties in
patients during coronary revascularization. Intermittent ischemic arrest versus cardioplegia.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;85:595-605.

34. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS. Transmural myocardial flow
distribution during hypothermia. Effects of coronary inflow restriction. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86:61-69.

35. Chitwood WR Jr, Hill RC, Wechsler AS. Reperfusion of inflow-limited myocardium
following hypothermic potassium-induced cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1984;88:49-56.

36. Chitwood WR Jr, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS. Surgical treatment of chronic unresolved
pulmonary embolism. Clin Chest Med. 1984;5:507-536.

37. Chitwood WR Jr, Lyerly HK, Sabiston DC Jr. Surgical management of chronic pulmonary
embolism. Ann Surg. 1985;201:11-26.

38. Woodruff WW III, Hoeck BE, Chitwood WR Jr, Lyerly HK, Sabiston DC Jr, Chen JT.
Radiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension from unresolved chronic pulmonary
embolism. Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144:681-686.

39. Lust RM, Beggerly CE, Morrison RF, Austin EH, Chitwood WR Jr. Improved protection
of chronically inflow-limited myocardium with retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia. Circ
J Am Heart Assoc. 1988;78(pt 2):III217-III223.

40. Ramagopal MV, Chitwood WR Jr, Mustafa SJ. Evidence for an A2 adenosine receptor in
human coronary arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988;151:483-486.

41. Reeves WC, Chitwood WR Jr. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography and
color flow doppler assessment of a left atrial myxoma. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
1989;6:547-549.

42. Chien S, Diana JN, Oeltgen PR, Todd EP, O’Connor WN, Chitwood WR Jr. Eighteen to
37 hours’ preservation of major organs using a new autoperfusion multiorgan preparation.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;47:860-867.

43. Reeves WC, Movahed A, Chitwood WR Jr, Williams M, Jolly SR. Utility of precordial,
epicardial, and transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of
intracardiac foreign bodies. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:406-409.

44. Skipper ER, Kasagi Y, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr, Austin EH, Lust RM. Improved
preservation of early perfusion patterns in severe left ventricular hypertrophy using
retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia. Curr Surg. 1989;46:461-463.

45. Chitwood WR Jr, Bost WS Jr, Pories WJ, Gowen MA, Saldahna RL.
Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: endoscopic diagnosis and surgical repair. Ann Thorac
Surg. 1989;48:292-294.

46. Spence PA, Lust RM, Iida H, Sun YS, Austin EH III, Chitwood WR Jr. Reappraisal of the
mechanism for cerebrospinal fluid hypertension during aortic surgery. Circ J Am Heart
Assoc. 1990;82(suppl 5):IV51-IV57.

47. Spence PA, Lust RM, Chitwood WR Jr, Iida H, Sun YS, Austin EH III. Transfemoral
balloon aortic occlusion during open cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves myocardial
and cerebral blood flow. J Surg Res. 1990;49:217-221.

48. Spence PA, Lust RM, Sun YS, Deng Q, Williams JM, Chitwood WR Jr. Prevention of
reflex-mediated increases in cerebrospinal fluid pressure during aortic surgery. Surg Forum.
1990;41:297-299.

49. Lust RM, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr. Prolonged, lateralized, sternal devascularization with
internal mammary artery mobilization and increased experimental infection rate following
bilateral use. Surg Forum. 1990;41:313-315.

50. Lust RM, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr. Internal mammary artery use. Sternal
revascularization and experimental infection patterns. Circ J Am Heart Assoc.
1991;84(Suppl 5):III285-II289.

51. Datillo JB, Lust RM, Deng Q, Sun YS, Moore CA, Chitwood WR Jr. Autonomic vascular
reactivity of intrathoracic autologous arterial vein grafts: comparison with peripheral grafts.
Surg Forum. 1991;42:203-205.

52. Lust RM, Li C, Chitwood WR Jr. Endothelium-dependent coronary vasoreactivity is
attenuated in severe left ventricular hypertrophy. Surg Forum. 1991;42:205-207.

53. Chitwood WR Jr. Retrograde cardioplegia: current methods. Ann Thorac Surg.
1992;53:352-355.

54. Cohn LH, Chitwood WR Jr, Jones RH, Craver JM, Kaiser GA, Parsonnet V.
Interventional catheterization procedures and cardiothoracic surgical consultation.
Cardiovascular Surgery Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:1363.

55. Spence PA, Lust RM, Zeri RS, Jolly SR, Mehta PM, Otaki M, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr.
Competitive flow from a fully patent coronary artery disease does not limit acute mammary
graft flow. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54:21-26.

56. Chitwood WR Jr, Cosgrove DM III, Lust RM. Multicenter trial of automated nitroprusside
infusion for postoperative hypertension. Titrator Multicenter Study Group. Ann Thorac
Surg. 1992;54:517-522.

57. Zeri RS, Lust RM, Sun YS, Otaki M, Hopson SB, Chitwood WR Jr. Limitations of
sequential vein grafts compared to single grafts. Surg Forum. 1992;43:269-272.

58. Sun YS, Lust RM, Norton TO, Pabst SJ, Otaki M, Zeri RS, Hopson SB, Chitwood WR Jr.
Systemic glucose intolerance induced by extracorporeal circulation during cardiopulmonary
bypass. Surg Forum. 1993;44:260-263.

59. Hopson SB, Lust RM, Datillo JB, Zeri RS, Sun YS, Otaki M, Binn JE, Chitwood WR Jr.
The effects of intermittent flow patterns on vascular reactivity and hyperplasia in
aortocoronary bypass grafts. Surg Forum. 1993;44:283-285.

60. Lust RM, Zeri RS, Spence PA, Hopson SB, Sun YS, Otaki M, Jolly SR, Mehta PM,
Chitwood WR Jr. Effect of chronic native flow competition on internal thoracic artery
grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;57:45-50.

61. Williams JM, Rock DT, Pabst SJ Grill CR, DeAntonio HJ, Mahmud R, Chitwood WR Jr.
Clinical experience with the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Ann Thorac Surg.
1994,58:1297-1303.

62. Chitwood WR Jr, Chiang KS, Williams MW, Zeri RS, Semer DA. Embolectomy of a
bird's nest vena caval filter. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994,58:1766-1768.

63. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Spence PA, Zeri RS, Hopson SB, Chitwood WR
Jr. Bilateral vs. single internal thoracic artery grafting for left main coronary artery. Chest.
1994;106:1260-1263.

64. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Chitwood WR Jr. Distal flow determinants in
canine myocardium perfused through internal thoracic artery grafts. Ann Thorac Surg.
1995;59:829-834.

65. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Rock DT, Spence PA, Chitwood WR Jr.
Experimental supplemental vein grafting and hypoperfusion syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg.
1995;59:1423-1428.

66. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Rock DT, Call KD, Chitwood WR Jr. Cardiac
pacing induced flow responses in internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein bypass grafts.
ASAIO J. 1995;41:198-201.

67. Hopson SB, Lust RM, Sun YS, Zeri RS, Morrison RF, Otaki M, Chitwood WR Jr.
Allopurinol improves myocardial reperfusion injury in a xanthine oxidase-free model. J
Natl Med Assoc. 1995;87:480-484.

68. Driver AG, Kukoly CA, Spence PA, Chitwood WR Jr, Mustafa SJ. Pericardial fluid
adenosine in ischemic and valvular heart disease. Chest. 1995;107:346-351.

69. Chitwood WR Jr, Wixon CL, Norton TO, Lust RM. Complex valve operations: antegrade
vs. retrograde cardioplegia? Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60:815-818.

70. Wixon CL, Burnett CM, Lust RM, Sun YS, Mann C, Chitwood WR Jr. Continuous
hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion improves cerebral postischemic reperfusion
following circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery. Surg Forum. 1995;46:277-280.

71. Otaki M, Lust RM, Norton TO, Spence PA, Chitwood WR Jr. Extracardiac adjustment of
mitral chordae replacement. J Surg Res. 1996;64:102-106.

72. Lust RM, Bode AP, Yang L, Hodges W, Chitwood WR Jr. In-line leukocyte filtration
during bypass. Clinical results from a randomized prospective trial. ASAIO J.
1996;42:M819-M822.

73. Azari KK, Lust RM, Dennis K, Reed J, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr. Carnitine-
supplemented hypothermic cardioplegia enhances recovery of excitation-contraction
coupling following global ischemia/reperfusion. Surg Forum. 1996;47:211-214.

74. Sun YS, Lust RM, Dohm LG, Wixon CL, Dennis K, Chitwood WR Jr. Impaired glucose
clearance/insulin resistance induced by cardiopulmonary bypass may be caused by glucose
transport protein (GLUT-4) loss. Surg Forum. 1996;47:256-258.

75. Meadows WM Jr, Lust RM, Parker FM, Mann C, Rock DT, Curtsinger L, Wooden WA, Sun
YS, Chitwood WR Jr. Time course of macro- and microvascular adjustments in abdominal
wall and recipient bed perfusion patterns after vascular delay. Surg Forum. 1996;47:741-43.

76. Datillo JB, Lust RM, Datillo MP, Parker FM, Meadows WM Jr, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr,
Makhoul RG. The temporal expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in early
aortocoronary vein grafts. J Surg Res. 1997;69:349-353.

77. Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR, Chapman WH, Moran JM, Lust RM, Wooden WA, Deaton
DH. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: the “micro-mitral” operation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:413-414.

78. Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR, Moran, JF, and the Minimally Invasive Surgery Workgroup.
Minimally invasive mitral valve repair using transthoracic aortic occlusion. Ann Thorac
Surg. 1997;63:1477-1479.

79. Elbeery JR, Chitwood WR Jr. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Heart surgery for the
21st century. N C Med J. 1997;58:374-377.

80. Eskew TD, Ollerenshaw JD, Philpott JM, Dennis K, Dawson P, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr,
Lust RM. Successful small diameter arterial grafting using cryopreserved allograft arteries.
ASAIO J. 1997;43:M522-M526.

81. Bradfield JF, Bode AP, Lust RM, Chitwood WR Jr. Aprotinin directly attenuates the
platelet adhesion defect induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. Surg Forum. 1997;48:256-
259.

82. Chitwood WR Jr, Wixon CL, Elbeery JR, Moran, JF, Chapman WH, Lust RM.. Video-
assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
1997;114:773-780.
83. Elbeery JR, Chitwood WR Jr. Intraoperative catheterization of the left internal mammary
artery via the left radial artery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:1840-1842.

84. Philpott JM, Eskew TD, Sun YS, Dennis KJ, Foreman BH, Fairbrother SN, Brown PM Jr,
Koutlas TC, Chitwood WR Jr, Lust RM. A paradox of cerebral hyperperfusion in the face
of cerebral hypotension: the effect of perfusion pressure on cerebral blood flow and
metabolism during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. J Surg Res. 1998;77:141-149.

85. Chitwood WR Jr. Mitral valve repair: an odyssey to save the valves! J Heart Valve Dis.
1998;7:255-261.

86. Elbeery JR, Brown PM, Chitwood WR Jr. Intraoperative MIDCABG arteriography via the
left radial artery: a comparison with Doppler ultrasound for assessment of graft patency.
Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66:51-55.

87. Wixon CL, Philpott JM, Chitwood WR Jr. Mitral valve repair. Save the valve! N C Med
J. 1998;59:314-317.

88. Kim VB, Brown PM Jr, Philpott JM, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood WR Jr. Protecting the
brain during cardiopulmonary bypass: the continuing merits of hypothermia. Surg Forum.
1998;49:250-252.

89. Atkinson CK, Miraliakbari R, Ng PC, Swanson MS, Sun YS, Powell CS, Lust RM,
Chitwood WR Jr. Effect of conventional graft repair on aortic wall motion. Surg Forum.
1999;50:424-425.

90. Chitwood WR Jr. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: introduction. Semin Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;11:192-193.

91. Chitwood WR Jr. Video-assisted and robotic mitral valve surgery: toward an endoscopic
surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;11:194-205.

92. Falk V, Autschbach R, Krakor R, Walther T, Diegeler A, Onnasch JF, Chitwood WR Jr,
Mohr FW. Computer-enhanced mitral valve surgery: toward a total endoscopic procedure.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;11:244-249.

93. Steffee CH, Singh HK, Chitwood WR Jr. Histologic changes in three explanted native
cardiac valves following use of fenfluramines. Am J Cardiovasc Pathol. 1999;8:245-253.

94. Brown PM Jr, Kim VB, Boyer BJ, Lust RM, Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR. Regional left
ventricular systolic function in humans during off-pump coronary bypass surgery. Circ J
Am Heart Assoc. 1999;100(suppl 19):II-125-II-127.

95. Chitwood WR Jr, Wixon CL, Elbeery JR, Francalancia NA, Lust RM. Minimally invasive
cardiac operation: adapting cardioprotective strategies. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68:1974-
1977.

96. Koutlas TC, Elbeery JR, Williams JM, Moran JF, Francalancia NA, Chitwood WR Jr.
Myocardial revascularization in the elderly using beating heart coronary artery bypass
surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1042-1047.

97. Ng PC, Chua AN, Swanson MS, Koutlas TC, Chitwood WR Jr, Elbeery JR. Anterior
thoracotomy wound complications in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass. Ann
Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1338-1340.

98. Miraliakbari R, Francalancia NA, Lust RA, Gerardo JA, Ng PC, Sun YS, Chitwood WR Jr.
Differences in myocardial and peripheral VEGF and KDR levels after acute ischemia. Ann
Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1750-1754.

99. Shackelford DP, Daniels S, Hoffman MK, Chitwood WR Jr. Estrogen therapy in women
undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: effect on surgical complications. Obstet
Gynecol. 2000;95:732-735.

100. Chitwood WR Jr. Video-assisted mitral valve surgery: using the Chitwood clamp.
Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2000;5:190-202.

101. Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong LW, Elbeery JE, Chapman WH, Albrecht R, Kim V, Young JA.
Robotic mitral valve repair: trapezoidal resection and prosthetic annuloplasty with the Da
Vinci surgical system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:1171-1172.

102. Chitwood WR Jr. Minimally invasive or conventional valve surgery: operations
prevailing in 2020--the middle ground. J Card Surg. 2000;15:1-2.

103. Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong WF. Minimally invasive videoscopic mitral valve surgery: the
current role of surgical robotics. J Card Surg. 2000;15:61-75.

104. Kim VB, Nifong LW, Young JA, Albrecht RJ, Chitwood WR Jr. Computer enhanced
cardiac surgery: an early model. Surg Forum. 2000;51:78-79.

105. Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Lust RM, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Effects of
loss of aortic windkessel on left ventricular dynamics after descending thoracic aorta graft
placement. Surg Forum. 2000;51;160-161.

106. Chapman WHH III, Young JA, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr.
Robotic Nissen fundoplication: alternative surgical technique for the treatment of
gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech. 2001;11(pt. A):27-30.

107. Felger JE, Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong LW, Holbert D. Evolution of mitral valve surgery:
toward a totally endoscopic approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1203-1209.

108. Kim VB, Brown PM, Brown PM Jr, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood WR Jr. A carotid
stenosis model in canines. J Invest Surg. 2001;14:241-247.

109. Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong LW, Chapman WHH, Bailey BM, Balint T, Felger JE, Kim VB,
Young JA, Albrecht RA. Robotic surgical training in an academic institution. Ann Surg.
2001;234:475-484; discussion 484-486.

110. Nifong LW, Bailey BM, Balint TD, Mendelson KG, Robinson P, Chitwood WR Jr.
Robotic mitral valve replacement using suture welding: an animal model. Surg Forum.
2001;52:101-102.

111. Young JA, Elbeery Jr, Dixon V, Wennerberg AK, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Use of
filtered red blood cell transfusions decreases patient costs. Surg Forum. 2001;52:453-454.

112. Mendelson KG, Bailey BM, Balint TD, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Wooden WA, Lalikos JF,
Chitwood WR Jr. Hemodynamic effects of vacuum-assisted closure in open sternal
wounds. Surg Forum. 2001;52:531-533.

113. Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. The evolution and early experience with robot-
assisted mitral valve surgery. Curr Surg. 2001;58:570-575.

114. Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Robotic cardiac valve surgery: transcending
the technologic crevasse! Curr Opin Cardiol. 2001;16:146-151.

115. Pofahl WE, Swanson MS, Cox SS, DaRe DM, Haisch CE, Pories WJ, Chitwood WR Jr.
Performance standards improve American Board of Surgery In-training Examination
(ABSITE) scores. Curr Surg. 2002; 59:220-222.

116. Kim VB, Chapman WH, Albrecht RJ, Bailey BM, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood
WR Jr. Early experience with tele-manipulative robot-assisted laparoscopic
cholecystectomy using da Vinci. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2002;12:33-40.

117. Young JA, Chapman WH III, Kim VB, Albrecht RJ, Ng PC, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR
Jr. Robotic-assisted adrenalectomy for adrenal incidentaloma: case and review of the
technique. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2002;12:126-130.

118. Zimmerman-Klima PM, Philpott JM, Elbeery JR, Lalikos JF, Chitwood WR Jr.
Combined minimally invasive mitral valve repair and direct coronary artery bypass: a
new alternative to sternotomy. Chest. 2002;122:344-347.

119. Argenziano M, Oz MC, DeRose JJ Jr, Ashton RC Jr, Beck J, Wang F, Chitwood WR,
Nifong LW, Dimitui J, Rose EA, Smith CR Jr. Totally endoscopic atrial septal defect
repair with robotic assistance. Heart Surg Forum. 2002;5:294-300.

120. Maziarz DM, Chu VF, Conquest AM, Garofalo JH, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood
WR Jr. Use of Nitinol U-clips decreases time for annuloplasty band placement in
robotic mitral valve repairs. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195:S22.

121. Kumar SP, Knupp CL, Chitwood WR Jr, Sorrell VL. Severe hemolysis after mitral valve
repair: reoperation avoided. Cardiovascular Reviews & Reports. 2002;23:552-554.

122. Sorrell VL, Rajeev AG, Nifong LW, Chu FV, Chitwood WR Jr. Intraoperative
transesophageal echocardiography with a special focus on a patient undergoing advanced
robotic-assisted procedures. Echocardiography. 2002;19:583-587.

123. Chapman WH III, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Chitwood WR Jr. Computer assisted
laparoscopic splenectomy with the da Vinci surgical robot. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg
Tech. 2002;12:155-159.

124. Nifong LW, Chu VF, Bailey BM, Maziarz DM, Sorrell VL, Holbert D, Chitwood WR Jr.
Robotic mitral valve repair: experience with the da Vinci system. Ann Thorac Surg.
2003;75:438-443.

125. Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Challenges for the anesthesiologist: robotics? Anesth
Analg. 2003;96:1-2.

126. Estrada CA, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Outcomes and perioperative
hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery
bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1392-1399.

127. Chitwood WR Jr. The Sabiston heritage: excellence in surgical education. Ann Surg.
2003; 238, 6S:S3-17.

128. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Robotic mitral valve surgery. Surgical
Clinics in North America, 83 (6), 1387-403. 2003.

129. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Robotic Caridac Surgery. Journal of Long-
Term Effects of Medical Implants, 13(6) 451-464. 2003

130. Chitwood WR Jr, Kypson AP, Nifong LW. Robotic mitral valve surgery: a technologic
and economic revolution for heart centers. Am Heart Hosp J. 2003;1:30-39.

131. Reade CC, Bower CE, Schuler CM, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Sun YS, Kypson AP,
Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Acute Effects of Suction Retraction on Atrial Hemo
Dynamics and Histology. J American Coll of Surg. 2003. 197:S26.

132. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Reade CC, Chitwood JR WR. Robot-Assisted Mitral
Valve Repair with Microwave Atrial Fibrillation Ablations: Early Clinical Results. J
American Coll of Surg. 2003. 197-S24-5.

133. Bower CE, Reade CC, Meadows WM, Zeri RS, Wooden WA, Sun YS, Nifong, LW,
Chitwood Jr WR: Comparisonsof Rate Femoral Artey Anastomosis – Using Either the
Da Vinci Surgical Robotic System or Standard Microscopic Technqies. J American
Coll of Surg. 2003. 197:S62.

134. Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Conquest AM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr
WR. Nitinol U-Clips in Robotic Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: A Sheep Model. Heart
Surgery Forum. 2003: 6:254-7.

135. Bower CE, Reade CC, Chu VF, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Repair of Acute
Mitral Regurgitation on a Porcine Beating Heart. Heart Surgery Forum. 2003. 6-S50.

136. Bolotin G, Scott Jr WW, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Reade CC,
Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Skeletonizing of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Is it safe? Heart
Surgery Forum. 2003. 6:S39-40.

137. Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Nitinol U-
Clips in Robotic Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: A Sheep Model. Heart Surgery Forum.
2003; 6:118.

138. Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Conqeust AM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr
WR: Sutureless Robot-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: An Animal Model. Heart Surgery
Forum. 2003. 6(4), 1-4.

138. Ghiassi S, Sun YS, Kim VB, Scott CM, Nifong LW, Rotondo MF, Chitwood WR Jr.
Methylene blue enhances resuscitation after refractory hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma.
2003. (In press).

139. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. A technique for evaluating
competitive flow for intra-operative decision making in coronary artery surgery. Ann
Thorac Surg. 2003 Dec; 76(6): 2118-20.

140. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Robotic mitral valve surgery, Semin
Thorac Cardivasco Surg. 2003 Apr; 15(2):121-9.

141. Chitwood WR Jr. Cardiothoracic surgeons should make decisions to operate solely on
medical grounds. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003. (In press).

142. Young JA, Chitwood WR Jr. Videoscopic robot assisted intraventricular repair of a
coronary artery fistula. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003. (In press).

143. Reade CC, Johnson JO, Bolotin G, Freund Jr WL, Jenkins NL, Bower CE, Masroor S,
Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Combining Robotic Mitral Valve Repair and
Microwave Atrial Fibrillation: Techniques and Initial Results. Ann Surg. (In press)

144. Reade CC, Bower CE, Bailey BM, Maziarz DM, Masroor S, Kypson AP, Nifong LW,
Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Mitral Valve Annuloplasty with Double Arm Nitinol U-Clips:
Initial Operative Results. Ann Thorac Surg. (In press)

145. Bolotin G, Scott WW Jr, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Salleng K,
Chitwood WR Jr. Robotic skeletonizing of the internal thoracic artery: Is it safe? Ann
Thorac Surg. (In press)

146. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood WR Jr. Robotically-assisted left atrial
fibrillation ablation and mitral valve repair through a right mini-thoracotomy. Ann Thorac
Surg. (In press)

Review Articles:

1. Chitwood WR Jr. Cardiac neoplasms: current diagnosis, pathology, and therapy. J Card Surg. 1988;3:119-154.

2. Chitwood WR Jr. Cardiac neoplasms [Key References]. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;48:451-453.

3. Miller JE, Chitwood WR Jr. PTCA failure.Coron Artery Dis.1993;4:697-702.

4. Chitwood WR Jr, Wixon CL. Update in myocardial protection [Key References]. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:253-254.

5. Elbeery, JR, Chitwood WR Jr. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Heart surgery for the 21st century. N C Med J. 1997;58:374-377.

6. Brown PM Jr, Chitwood WR Jr. Stroke risk in coronary artery bypass patients. Curr Surg. 1998;55:66-70.

7. Miraliakbari R, Francalancia NA, Chitwood WR Jr. Therapeutic angiogenesis: appropriate for clinical use? Curr Surg. 1999;56:255-258.

8. Chitwood WR Jr. Minimally invasive valve surgery: trends for the future. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(suppl 1):S64-S65.

9. Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong LW. Abstract and commentary. CTdigest.com [serial online]. November 1999;1(8). Review of: Vaturi M, Porter A, Adler Y, et al. The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:2003-2008.

10. Chitwood WR Jr, Nifong LW. Abstract and commentary. CTdigest.com [serial online].
February 2000;2(2). Review of: Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Ling H, et al. Sudden
death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:2078-2085.


Editorials/Commentaries/Discussion/Essays/Introductions/Policy Statements/Documented Interviews:

1. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1992;215:433. Discussion of: Craver JM, Weintraub WS, Jones EL, Guyton RA, Hatcher CR. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery for failed percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

2. Chitwood WR Jr. The good physician: what should we be, Sir William? N C Med J. 1993;54:191-192.

3. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:487-488. Commentary of: Kabbani SS, Jokhadar M, Meada R, et al. Atrial myxoma: report of 24 operations using the bilateral approach.

4. Chitwood WR Jr. Mitral valve: repair or replace? Newsletter of the North Carolina Chapter of the American College of Cardiology. 1994;4:7.

5. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1995;221:541. Discussion of: Ferrara JJ, Dyess DL, Peeples GL, et al. Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on regional blood flow distribution in the neonatal piglet.

6. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1995;221:675. Discussion of: Van Trigt P, Bittner HB, Kendall SW, Milano CA. Mechanisms of transplant right ventricular dysfunction.

7. Chitwood WR Jr. National surveys: are they helpful? Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:275-276.

8. Chitwood WR Jr. The Internet and the thoracic surgeon: a “virtual” future. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:1603-1606.

9. Chitwood WR Jr. Applause for AHEC and Osler. N C Med J. 1996;57:144-145. Commentary of: McMillan WO Jr. Medical education and health care reform: from Osler to AHEC.

10. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1997;225:802-803. Commentary of: Tseng EE, Lee CA, Cameron DE, et al. Aortic valve replacement in the elderly. Risk factors and long-term results.

11. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1997;225:809-810. Commentary of:
King RC, Reece TB, Hurst JL, et al. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting
decreases hospital stay and cost.

12. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;63:700. Commentary of:
Bjessmo S, Ivert T. Cardiac myxoma: 40 years’ experience in 63 patients.

13. Chitwood WR Jr. Introducing East Carolina University and its surgical residency. Curr
Surg. 1997;54:127-128.

14. Chitwood WR Jr. State of the art review: videoscopic minimally invasive mitral valve
surgery. Trekking to a totally endoscopic operation. Heart Surg Forum. 1998;1:13-16.

15. Cohn LH, Chitwood WR, Dralle JG, et al. Policy statement: minimally invasive coronary
artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:887-888.

16. Cohn LH, Chitwood WR, Dralle JG, et al. Course guidelines for minimally invasive
cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:889-890.

17. Chitwood Wr Jr. Invited commentary. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;155:574-575.
Commentary of: Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegeler A, Walther T, van Son JA, Autschbach R.
Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery.

18. Chitwood WR Jr. Endoscopic robotic coronary surgery is this reality or fantasy? J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;118:1-3.

19. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:1333. Commentary
of: Karagoz HY, Bayazit K, Battaloglu B, Kurtoglu M, Ozerdem G, Bakkaloglu B,
Sonmez B. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: the subxiphoid approach.

20. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited commentary. Yim APC, Hazelrigg SR, Izzat MB,
Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Nauheim KS, eds. Minimal Access Cardiothoracic Surgery.
Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 2000:629. Commentary of: Falk V. Robotic
Surgery.

21. Chitwood WR Jr. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1181-1182.
Commentary of: Reichenspurner H, Boehm DH, Gulbins H, et al. Three-dimensional video
and robot-assisted port-access mitral valve operation.

22. Chitwood WR Jr. Discussion. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:776-777. Discussion of: Fasol
R, Lakew F, Pfannmuller B, Slepian MJ, Joubert-Hubner E. Papillary muscle repair surgery
in ischemic mitral valve patients.

23. Chitwood WR Jr. Minima